Detection limits of ultrasensitive PSA assays.
| PSA assay | Detection limit, ng/L | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional | 100–500 | Ferguson et al. (39) |
| Third generation | 1–10 | Ferguson et al. (39) |
| Immune-PCR | 0.6 | McDermed et al. (44) |
| Gold nanoparticle | 0.3 | Thaxton et al. (45) |
| Digital/bead-base | 0.05 | Wilson et al. (46) |
| Single molecule | 0.014 | Rissin et al. (47) |
| Silver nanoprism plasmonic biosensor | 0.004–0.01 | Liang et al. (5) |
| Electroluminescence | 0.002 (complexed PSA), 0.02 (free PSA) | Nikolenko et al. (6) |