Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1. Flow chart of retrieved, excluded and included studies.
Publications were considered irrelevant if the subject was completely different (solid particles, transport velocity evaluation, etc.).
Tables
Study Pneumatic transportation system Study population Victor Peter (29) Aerocom Medical ICU patients Tiwari (30) Atlas Healthy volunteers Sodi (31) Atlas system Consenting patients Zaman (32) GCT 3000 Aerocom Patients on pneumology wards or referred to LFT Gossez (27) HÖRTIG rohrpost Healthy donors Kocak (20) MP10000 Sumetzberger Healthy blood donors Astles (33) Not specified ICU and for elective surgery Braun (34) Not specified Patients scheduled for coronary angiography Collinson (35) Not specified ICU patients Colucci (36) Not specified Healthy volunteers Glas (37) Not specified Patients undergoing general or trauma surgery Gomez-Rioja (38) Not specified Healthy volunteers Kavsak (39) Not specified Inpatients from ED, ICU, hematology/oncology, and surgery Phelan (40) Not specified Database extract of patient sample values Thalén (41) Not specified Healthy volunteers, ICU (8 patients), and cardiovascular clinic Lima-Oliveira (28) Op1000 (Oppent SpA) Healthy volunteers Al-Riyami (15) Sumetzberger Thalassemia major patients and normal blood donors Cui (16) Sumetzberger Healthy blood donors Koroglu (17) Sumetzberger 58 pancytopenia cases with acute leukemia Kriegshäuser (18) Sumetzberger Healthy volunteers Streichert (19) Sumetzberger Healthy volunteers Espinosa (3) Swisslog Healthy blood donors Evliyaoglu (4) Swisslog Inpatients Kara (5) Swisslog Unpaired; 49/53 inpatients Martin (7) Swisslog Patients with normal hemostasis Strubi-Vuillaume (8) Swisslog Patients in a nursery unit Sylte (9) Swisslog Outpatients Lancé (13) Swisslog-ErgoTrans Elective cardiothoracic surgery Andersen (25) Tempus Outpatients Suchsland (26) Tempus Healthy volunteers Fernandes (10) TransLogic CTS-20 Inpatients at 2 different wards Keshgegian (11) TransLogic CTS-20 Out- and inpatients Kratz (12) TransLogic (now Swisslog) Healthy volunteers Amann (21) Transmatic; Transro Healthy volunteers Sari (14) TranspoNet (Swisslog) Healthy volunteers Böckel-Frohnhöfer (23) Transro Departments offering a maximum medical service spectrum Hübner (24) Transro Healthy volunteers Bolliger (22) TR-MC 2000id, Transro Patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery Koessler (6) TVS (Swisslog-Telelift) Healthy volunteers Study Tubes used COAG ROTEM PFT HEMA BG CHEM HI Conclusion Sodi (31) Serum, serum gel, lithium heparin, K2EDTA, fluoride EDTA Compared with serum, with gel plain serum samples are more prone to hemolysis Böckel-Frohnhöfer (23) Lithium heparin Significant differences for all analytes Fernandes (10) Not specified No significant difference in hemolysis rate Gomez-Rioja (38) Lithium heparin A strong linear relation between the TSSAC and hemolysis degree, evidenced by HI and increase in potassium, LD, and ASAT Kara (5) Without anticoagulant, heparin, K2EDTA or citrate 532-fold higher degree of hemolysis, and differences in potassium, LDH and ALAT Phelan (40) For potassium (not specified) No effect Cui (16) Clot activator, lithium heparin Significant changes in LDH, while potassium had a slightly rising trend Kavsak (39) Lithium heparin, pooled samples Samples from hematology/oncology did not differ, while LDH differed significantly for all wards Strubi-Vuillaume (8) Lithium heparin Median bias 18.8%. Reduced with bubble wrapping or using Monovette lithium heparin tubes in aspiration mode Sylte (9) Gel tubes The specific sample handling had small but significant effects on results for LD, potassium, glucose, and magnesium Tiwari (30) Not specified At high speed, all 3 indices of hemolysis (Hb, K +, and LD) were elevated Evliyaoglu (4) Heparin, citrate A positive correlation was observed between distance and hemolysis Koroglu (17) EDTA and serum gel Erroneously low PLT counts in patients with leukemia Suchsland (26) Lithium heparin, K2EDTA, sodium citrate No effect Koessler (6) All kinds of tubes Increase in LD, decrease in leukemia and lymphoma, PT and D-dimer, reduced stimulation of PAC-1 activation; the changes would however not change the clinical interpretation Andersen (25) Fluoride and citrate, K2EDTA, sodium citrate, lithium heparin Only O2 saturation, oxyhemoglobin, and pO2 deviated with clinical significance Streichert (19) K2EDTA, coagulation, NH4-heparin, serum Speed and the area under the curve exhibited a direct relation to the degree of hemolysis; also, the maximum deviation for a number of components were >20% Keshgegian (11) All kinds of tubes No effect Astles (33) Blood gas syringes Over a wide range, pO2 tended toward 160 mmHg, which poses a risk of clinical misinterpretation Collinson (35) Preheparinised syringes Significant alterations in pO2, no effect on pCO2 or pH values Victor Peter (29) Blood gas syringes Clinically unacceptable pO2 values Zaman (32) Blood gas syringes If air bubbles cannot be excluded, PTS is not an appropriate transport for pO2 measurement. No effect on pCO2 or pH Al-Riyami (15) K2EDTA No effect Gossez (27) EDTA No effect Lima-Oliveira (28) K2EDTA No effect Sari (14) K2EDTA No effect Kocak (20) K3EDTA, citrate No effect Kratz (12) K2EDTA, citrate No clinically significant effect Lancé (13) K2EDTA, sodium citrate, citrate + corn trypsin inhibitor No effect except for NATEM assays Martin (7) Sodium citrate (?) Thromboelastometry parameters are significantly altered, but in patients with normal hemostasis, the alterations were small and without clinical consequence Amann (21) Trisodium citrate The higher the acceleration forces, the more ROTEM parameters are influenced Colucci (36) Trisodium citrate No effect Espinosa (3) Citrated venous samples Special consideration regarding interpretation of R parameter Glas (37) Hirudin, citrate Invalid results in MEA, while only CT in EXTEM was affected Bolliger (22) Hirudin Significant influence on Multiplate platelet function testing Braun (34) Hirudin Transport of correctly prepared samples does not alter the results of platelet function testing Hübner (24) Hirudin Impaired platelet aggregation Thalén (41) Hirudin A reduction of area under the curve values of up to a 100% of the average Kriegshäuser (18)a K3EDTA No effect COAG, coagulation; ROTEM, rotational thromboelastometry; PFT, platelet function testing; BG, blood gases; HEMA, hematology; CHEM, chemistry/immunochemistry; HI, hemolysis index.
↵a This study included none of the tests mentioned, but only free DNA concentration in plasma from whole blood samples.
In this issue
Blood Sample Transportation by Pneumatic Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
